Musical Form of “The Star-Spangled Banner”
Grades 5–8 Chorus

Objective

Students will identify AABC form of “The Star-Spangled Banner” and describe the repetitions and contrasts.

National Standard

6A: Listening to, analyzing, and describing music: Students describe specific music events in a given aural example, using appropriate terminology.

Materials

recording of “The Star-Spangled Banner”
audio-playback equipment
chalkboard

Prior Knowledge and Experiences

Students have been learning to sing “The Star-Spangled Banner” in preparation for a concert.
Students have been introduced to form and are familiar with ABA pattern.

Procedures

1. Invite students to sing or to listen to a recording of “The Star-Spangled Banner.”

2. Ask questions that will lead students to discover the form of “The Star-Spangled Banner;” for example, “When does each phrase or section of the music repeat? Are the repeated sections always repeated exactly? Where are the contrasts in each phrase or section?” Label same and different musical ideas as A and B.

3. Diagram the arrangement of the musical ideas on the chalkboard as students identify and describe the from as AABC. (“The Star-Spangled Banner” is often considered to be verse and chorus form, although the chorus has different words.)

4. Ask students to memorize the music in eight-measure phrases, always being aware of the form. Ask, “Where does the melody repeat? Do the same and different musical ideas make the text more meaningful? How?” Encourage them to tell you what they discover.

Indicators of Success

Students identify AABC form in a selected piece and demonstrate an increased ability to memorize the piece, based on their study of its form.

Follow-up

Have students compare the form of “The Star-Spangled Banner” to other songs they have sung or heard.
Have students identify songs in their repertoire that are in binary, rounded binary, and rondo form, and that are strophic or have da capo sections.
Have students identify the form of a piece as an aid to expression as well as memorization.

From Strategies for Teaching Elementary and Middle-Level Chorus. Compiled and edited by Ann R. Small and Judy K. Bowers. Copyright 1997. MENC, Reston, VA.

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